Jaguar 3.8 Mk. II Sedan

On the first day of my first job after college, I was driving west out of Boston on Route 2 in a decrepit and rusty 1958 Volvo 445 station wagon — one I got for free from the side of a road. It was on its last legs, but it got me to my new job.

It was a warm summer morning, and the driver’s window was open. Suddenly, a pristine white Jaguar 3.8 Mk II sedan with a red accent stripe on the side streaked by at speed. The sound of its exhaust is something I have never forgotten. It was delightful.

To my surprise, the Jag was sitting in the parking lot when I pulled into my work. The owner was walking into the building, so I jumped out of my car and caught up with him. Malcolm Lee was to become one of my lifelong friends.

I was talking on the phone with him recently, when Malcolm told me a story I had completely forgotten — how I saved his life.

Shortly after we met, I went over to visit him with two coffees on a Saturday morning that he had told me he would be working on the Jag. His parents were in Europe, and he had the place to himself for a few weeks.

When I drove down the long driveway, Malcolm was under the Jag doing something. As I approached the car, I discovered the jack had fallen over and pinned him underneath. He begged in a weak voice to help him. I dropped the coffees, reset the jack, and lifted the car off him.

Malcolm was bruised but unhurt. I hate to think what would have happened if I hadn’t decided to stop by.

Soon after, he traded the Mk II for an E-type coupe, but that’s another story.

50 Barn Cupolas

I have been photographing barns for more than 40 years. During that time, I noticed that many old barns have elaborate cupolas. So I began shooting close-ups of the cupolas.

I selected fifty of the most interesting ones to include in my new book, 50 Barn Cupolas. Each cupola is different, and each one expresses the pride that its original owner took in his barn. Some have been lovingly restored – others are on their last legs.

The book explains how old New England dairy barns came to have cupolas. It takes you back to the nineteenth century when dairy farmers turned a ventilation problem into an opportunity to express their individuality. It also documents the way fifty nineteenth-century carpenters creatively executed the same project.

50 Barn Cupolas is available in both digital and printed versions.

Barn Cupolas

The word cupola is derived from the Greek word kupellon (a small cup) and the Latin cupella (a vault resembling an upside-down cup).

Cupolas evolved during the Renaissance and became extremely important architectural elements. They spread across Europe and became status symbols placed atop government buildings and the homes of royalty.

Cupolas served various purposes, but they were primarily used to add aesthetic appeal to the building they topped. Larger cupolas were sometimes accessible via an interior stairway, giving occupants a vantage point to look out over their surroundings. Smaller cupolas, known as lanterns, were often designed to provide extra illumination for the space below.

Cupolas were produced in various shapes and sizes but were commonly square or hexagonal and much smaller than the structure to which they’re attached. Large, extravagant cupolas appear on some of the world’s greatest buildings and are often dome-shaped and large enough to be a major architectural feature on a building.

As dairy farms grew larger in the late 1800s, they began storing more hay. Intense heat could build up to the point of spontaneous combustion when fresh air was cut off from a barn full of hay, destroying both the hay and the barn. And stale air didn’t just smell bad. A source of oxygen was needed to replenish the air consumed by humans and animals.

Cupolas became an iconic feature on barns because they provided a means for heat to escape and fresh air to enter. Classic barn cupolas were mounted over a hole in the roof and usually louvered to catch the wind that was forced up the sides of a slanted roof. The fresh air flowed through the cupola and down into the barn. The downward angle of the louvers kept rainwater out while allowing fresh air in. Cupolas also provided enough air to allow hay to naturally dry while stored in the barn.

Farmers took great pride in their barns. They were the biggest single investment farmers made, so it’s understandable that many put elaborate cupolas on their barns to make a statement about their pride and prosperity.

Farm Silos

Silos were first used on farms in the 1880s to store silage, a moist and fermented fodder made from a variety of plant materials and primarily fed to cows. Silage had higher energy and protein levels than dried hay, making it possible for dairy farmers to keep their cows in reliable milk production during the winter months and provide year-round income.

Storing silage for several months involved keeping moisture levels high while keeping oxygen levels to a minimum so fermentation could take place. Round wood silos became popular because they minimized air leakage. Their vertical staves were held tightly in place by iron bands, equalizing the outward pressure and eliminating interior corners where the silage could spoil.

The fermentation process unfortunately produced silage acids that gradually deteriorated the silo. By 1900, wood silos began to be replaced by other materials that were more resistant to deterioration from silage seepage like masonry, steel and even glass. These newer silos produced better results but don’t have the visual appeal of the early wood silos.

Broken Barn -- Littleton NH

Northern New England still has many of these lovely old barns along it's roadsides. When an old barn falls out of use, it's not long before it falls altogether. I want to capture images of as many as possible before they disappear.

Discouraged and Despondent

at the selfishness and avarice in the world,
narcissistic world leaders who destroy lives
and families and even societies for no other reason
than to sate their voracious appetites for power,
opportunistic politicians who lie and cheat
their way into office and then use their position
and influence to line their pockets,
predatory international corporations that justify
their exploitation of the world’s finite resources
and the public as their rightful prey,
wealthy individuals who look down on their less
“successful” fellow citizens as inferior
and somehow less deserving of happiness,
and even average American families who
feel unconditionally entitled to indulge
their selfishness at the expense of
starving families around the world.